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°Ä²ÊÍøAPP

Flood Risk Index

Flooding is the most pervasive among natural disasters, yet its costs are routinely underestimated. As climate change, economic and demographic trends, and a chronic lack of investments in resilience combine to drive risk higher, it is time to rethink our approach to flood risk.

Rethinking Flood is a series of publications examining the implications of flooding for corporates, governments, and society. It is accompanied by the open-source °Ä²ÊÍøAPP Flood Risk Index, which leverages research from international organizations and academic institutions to provide a global overview of flood risk and its potential implications on human and economic systems under different climate change scenarios. To help develop flood risk management strategies and increase the resilience of assets and populations a range of tailored tools and solutions are available from across °Ä²ÊÍøAPP.

is the first report in the series, analyzing the current state of flood risk globally, its economic and societal consequences, and the role of insurance in protecting the most vulnerable.

Preparing for a Wetter World: Strategies for Corporate Flood Resilience explores the implications of flood risk for businesses and discusses how firms can reimagine their approach to flood risk management in the context of climate change, growing business complexity, and stakeholder management.

Staying above water: A systemic response to rising flood risk outlines critical points of failure in current flood risk management systems and describes a clear vision for flood resilience revolving around three interdependent ways forward: Living with floods, building strategic protection, and preparing for relocation.

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AUTHORS

Swenja Surminski, Managing Director, Climate Resilience, °Ä²ÊÍøAPP

Claudio Saffioti, Research Manager, °Ä²ÊÍøAPP

Sandra Duenas, Senior Data Scientist, Mercer

Toshin Sequeira, Research Analyst, °Ä²ÊÍøAPP

Aditi Kothari, Research Analyst, °Ä²ÊÍøAPP

Sumer Drall, Research Analyst, °Ä²ÊÍøAPP

The Flood Risk Index builds on the expertise from colleagues across Marsh, Guy Carpenter, Mercer, and Oliver Wyman. For a list of contributors, please see the bottom of this page.

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Connect with us to learn more.Ìý.

°Ä²ÊÍøAPP Flood Risk Index

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Present day

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Climate Change Scenario

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Silver/grey bars and numbers represent comparison data
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Countries included in the regional and income group averages are listed in the data file

As climate change accelerates, decarbonization efforts should be accompanied by measures to reduce exposure and vulnerability. There are clear benefits in investing in climate adaptation and flood resilienceÌýmeasures, with every dollar investedÌý saving at least five dollars’ worth of losses and damages. The table below provides an overview of different types of interventions that can be used to reduce risks and increase flood resilience.Ìý

Solution Selection of tools and instruments Implementation examples
Engineered Enhanced building design standards, retrofitting, road resurfacing, flood barriers, drainage systems. The UK’s was designed to hold back storm surges and high tides and safeguard the Greater London area. The retractable barrier system protects worth of property and infrastructure. Studies suggest that it can protect London from sea level rise until 2070.
Nature-based River restoration, natural flood retention, increasing plant diversity, habitat creation, soil conservation, increasing coastal and marine vegetation, green drainage systems, urban greening. Indonesia implemented several focusing on restoring coastal mangroves, reducing groundwater extraction, and incorporating sustainable aquaculture. This initiative made over 70,000 people in the country more resilient against coastal flooding, while yielding additional benefits linked to carbon storage, biodiversity preservation, and fisheries.
R&D and data Risk analytics, modelling, monitoring, forecasting, big data, AI, and other technologies to enhance preparedness, early-warning systems, and response measures. Uganda employs advanced weather forecast systems to ensure that communities get access to before an extreme event hits. According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) this approach has prevented more than 2,000 people from contracting flood-induced waterborne diseases.
Policies and regulations Building codes, mandatory resilience standards, risk disclosure requirements, and others. The Chinese government launched the to encourage cities to strengthen their flood resilience and to invest in green and blue infrastructure. This program includes various initiatives such as introducing a legal framework for sponge infrastructure, setting mandatory resilience standards, releasing technical guidelines, offering direct financing, and promoting peer-to-peer learning initiatives across cities.
Financial Risk finance and transfer solutions such as traditional insurance and parametric insurance,Ìýrisk pooling, green finance investments. is a regional disaster risk financing facility based in Southeast Asia that launched a parametric flood insurance product utilizing near-real time monitoring to determine the severity of flood events and related payouts. The product has been purchased by Laos and has the potential to offer coverage to other countries in the region.
Behavioral Changing timing of agricultural practices, supply chain diversification, advisory services, risk information sharing, public engagement, skills development in adaptation actions, evacuation, and relocation. The Quinault Indian Nation village of Taholah in Washington is residents and facilities a half-mile away from its current location to minimize exposure to future flooding. The community based this decision on a vulnerability assessment and on input collected from its members. Once the relocation will be complete, the new village will be in a location well above flood-prone areas.
Jurisdiction ? Total Riverine Rainfall Coastal Total Human Economic Total HumanÌý Economic Urban areas Rural areas Power plants International aiports International ports
Global averages 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 6 6 6 12% 13% 19% 17% 22%
Regional averages: Central Asia 3 4 1 3 1 1 1 7 6 7 2% 2% 7% 1% 9%
Regional averages: East Asia and Pacific 6 4 7 6 7 7 7 5 5 5 49% 34% 46% 68% 49%
Regional averages: Europe 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 8% 6% 12% 8% 8%
Regional averages: Latin America and Caribbean 5 5 6 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 12% 22% 18% 23% 43%
Regional averages: Middle East and North Africa 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 6 6 5 10% 7% 10% 7% 3%
Regional averages: North America 4 5 2 6 2 2 2 1 1 1 9% 6% 18% 26% 11%
Regional averages: South Asia 6 6 6 8 5 5 5 8 8 7 32% 30% 34% 27% 30%
Regional averages: Southeast Asia 7 6 7 6 5 5 5 7 6 6 25% 26% 33% 29% 3%
Regional averages: Sub-Saharan Africa 4 5 3 4 2 2 2 9 9 8 8% 8% 23% 11% 24%
Income averages: High income economies 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 11% 11% 14% 15% 17%
Income averages: Upper-middle income economies 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 6 5 5 15% 16% 20% 19% 24%
Income averages: Lower-middle income economies 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 8 7 7 13% 14% 18% 23% 29%
Income averages: Low income economies 4 4 3 4 2 2 2 9 10 9 10% 10% 27% 9% 12%
Afghanistan 3 3 2 - 1 1 1 - 7 - 2% 2% 0% 0% -
Albania 7 7 6 7 3 3 2 5 5 5 17% 15% 62% 0% 0%
Algeria 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 6 7 0% 3% 3% 0% 0%
Andorra 5 1 8 - 1 1 1 3 3 2 - 0% - - -
Angola 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 10 9 10 0% 1% 22% 0% 0%
Antigua and Barbuda 6 7 8 3 10 10 10 1 1 1 - 88% - 100% 100%
Argentina 4 5 2 5 1 1 1 4 2 5 1% 1% 5% 0% 0%
Armenia 2 1 3 - 1 1 1 6 6 5 - 0% 0% 0% -
Australia 5 3 5 8 6 6 6 2 1 2 24% 4% 16% 63% 22%
Austria 6 5 6 - 4 4 4 1 1 1 13% 7% 58% 4% -
Azerbaijan 5 6 3 - 1 1 1 5 6 3 25% 4% 0% 0% -
Bahamas, The 6 4 7 7 9 9 9 2 2 2 5% 69% - 86% 100%
Bahrain 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 4 4 3 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Bangladesh 9 10 8 10 8 8 8 9 8 9 63% 60% 71% 10% 95%
Barbados 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 0% - 0% 0%
Belarus 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 5 4 5 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Belgium 5 2 3 9 1 1 1 2 1 2 0% 1% 0% 1% 0%
Belize 5 4 8 4 8 7 8 4 3 4 - 13% - 0% 100%
Benin 4 7 2 2 1 1 1 10 9 10 0% 3% 0% 0% 0%
Bhutan 3 3 3 - 1 1 1 7 8 5 0% 2% 5% 0% -
Bolivia 4 6 2 - 1 1 1 7 6 8 0% 2% 0% 0% -
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 3 5 1 1 1 1 5 4 6 4% 2% 12% 0% -
Botswana 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 6 6 6 0% 2% 0% 0% -
Brazil 7 8 5 7 4 4 4 6 5 7 16% 8% 40% 4% 42%
Brunei 6 6 8 3 8 8 7 5 5 5 69% 34% 39% 100% -
Bulgaria 5 4 5 - 1 1 1 4 3 4 3% 6% 0% 0% 0%
Burkina Faso 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 10 10 10 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Burundi 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 10 10 10 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Cambodia 6 8 4 6 2 1 2 9 9 8 4% 6% 0% 0% 0%
Cameroon 5 6 2 6 3 3 3 9 8 10 16% 6% 28% 70% 55%
Canada 3 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4% 1% 13% 39% 0%
Central African Republic 4 5 3 - 1 1 1 10 10 9 0% 1% 0% 0% -
Chad 3 4 1 - 1 1 1 10 10 10 0% 3% - 0% -
Chile 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 0% 3% 6% 0% 0%
China 7 5 5 10 7 7 7 5 5 4 33% 21% 32% 69% 71%
Colombia 7 7 6 7 2 2 1 6 5 7 2% 13% 4% 0% 37%
Comoros 6 5 10 4 9 8 10 8 8 8 - 78% - 96% 100%
Congo, Dem. Rep. 4 7 3 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 6% 2% 74% 1% 0%
Congo, Rep. 4 7 2 2 3 3 2 8 8 8 21% 5% 73% 0% 0%
Costa Rica 7 7 9 4 6 6 5 5 3 6 0% 40% 33% 20% 88%
Croatia 5 6 6 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 5% 1% 0% 24% 98%
Cuba 5 4 6 5 4 3 5 5 4 5 14% 6% 41% 2% 87%
Cyprus 3 2 6 2 1 1 1 3 2 3 9% 14% 0% 0% 0%
Czech Republic 4 4 4 - 1 1 1 3 2 3 4% 1% 0% 0% -
Denmark 3 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Djibouti 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 7 8 5 0% - 0% 0% 0%
Dominica 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 - 0% - 0% 0%
Dominican Republic 5 5 8 2 8 8 8 7 6 7 26% 33% 7% 7% 6%
Ecuador 7 6 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 3 76% 63% 62% 49% 87%
Egypt 3 4 1 3 2 1 2 7 7 6 3% 4% 21% 0% 0%
El Salvador 6 6 6 5 1 1 1 7 6 7 1% 5% 17% 0% 56%
Equatorial Guinea 4 6 5 2 8 8 7 8 9 7 0% 8% 1% 99% 23%
Eritrea 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Estonia 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
eSwatini 6 5 6 - 1 1 1 6 7 5 0% 2% 0% 0% -
Ethiopia 3 3 2 - 1 1 1 9 10 7 0% 0% 48% 0% -
Fiji 6 5 8 5 6 5 6 4 5 3 - 14% 100% 100% 48%
Finland 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1% 1% 0% 0% 0%
France 5 4 5 7 2 2 2 1 1 1 8% 5% 2% 10% 2%
Gabon 5 9 4 3 6 7 5 8 7 9 55% 15% 56% 0% 74%
Gambia, The 7 9 2 9 1 1 1 8 10 6 0% 1% 0% - -
Georgia 6 4 7 - 4 3 4 6 5 6 22% 6% 4% 10% 0%
Germany 6 4 5 10 2 1 2 1 1 1 5% 5% 7% 0% 11%
Ghana 6 9 3 6 1 1 1 8 8 7 0% 5% 22% 0% 0%
Greece 4 3 4 4 1 1 1 4 3 4 4% 6% 3% 10% 0%
Grenada 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 - 0% - - 0%
Guatemala 4 4 7 2 3 3 2 7 7 7 6% 16% 6% 0% 0%
Guinea 6 4 5 9 4 5 3 10 10 10 27% 11% 58% 0% 0%
Guinea-Bissau 8 7 7 9 1 1 1 10 10 9 2% 5% 0% 0% 0%
Guyana 7 6 8 6 10 10 10 7 7 7 - 72% 100% 100% 100%
Haiti 3 1 6 1 8 7 8 10 9 10 0% 16% - 100% 100%
Honduras 6 7 8 3 7 7 7 7 7 6 39% 23% 25% 66% 92%
Hungary 4 5 3 - 1 1 1 4 3 4 1% 0% 0% 0% -
Iceland 3 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2% 1% 25% 0% 0%
India 8 8 6 9 6 5 6 6 8 4 23% 13% 17% 45% 25%
Indonesia 6 6 6 6 2 2 2 7 7 6 6% 8% 12% 6% 3%
Iran 3 3 1 6 1 1 1 5 5 5 4% 3% 4% 0% 0%
Iraq 6 8 1 9 3 3 3 8 7 8 7% 7% 16% 41% 0%
Ireland 3 2 2 5 1 1 1 3 2 4 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Israel 2 1 5 1 9 9 9 2 2 2 99% 41% 61% 98% 39%
Italy 5 4 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4 7% 6% 6% 27% 53%
Ivory Coast 5 9 5 1 2 1 2 7 9 5 5% 7% 0% 0% 0%
Jamaica 4 1 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0% 20% 0% 0% 0%
Japan 6 4 8 5 6 6 6 2 2 1 4% 28% 34% 33% 10%
Jordan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 6 4 0% 4% 0% 0% 0%
Kazakhstan 2 3 1 - 1 1 1 6 5 6 1% 1% 3% 0% -
Kenya 5 4 4 7 3 3 3 6 7 4 15% 13% 13% 5% 100%
Kiribati 7 1 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 - 33% - 100% 100%
Kosovo 5 7 3 - 1 1 1 5 5 5 5% 4% 50% - -
Kuwait 4 3 1 8 1 1 1 6 6 6 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Kyrgyzstan 3 4 2 - 1 1 1 8 7 9 2% 4% 24% 0% -
Laos 8 8 7 - 6 5 6 8 8 7 20% 22% 42% 75% -
Latvia 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 4 4 4 4% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Lebanon 3 1 8 1 8 8 8 8 6 10 66% 48% 43% 0% 0%
Lesotho 3 2 3 - 1 1 1 9 8 9 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Liberia 5 5 8 1 8 8 8 10 10 10 100% 28% 100% 100% 100%
Libya 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 9 7 10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Liechtenstein 9 9 - 4 3 4 2 2 2 14% 28% - - -
Lithuania 3 2 2 5 1 1 1 3 3 3 4% 3% 0% 0% 0%
Luxembourg 4 2 5 - 1 1 1 2 2 2 3% 1% 0% 0% -
Madagascar 6 5 7 5 6 5 6 10 9 10 0% 52% 0% 18% 62%
Malawi 4 3 4 - 1 1 1 9 9 9 7% 4% 100% 0% -
Malaysia 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 4 2 41% 56% 38% 16% 9%
Mali 3 4 1 - 1 1 1 10 10 10 5% 2% 20% 0% -
Malta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 4 0% 0% - 0% 0%
Mauritania 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 10 9 10 0% 2% 0% 0% 0%
Mexico 5 6 4 6 3 3 2 5 5 5 7% 27% 27% 8% 23%
Micronesia 2 1 2 4 9 8 9 8 8 8 - - - 62% -
Moldova 7 7 6 - 6 6 6 7 6 7 41% 11% 80% 100% 0%
Mongolia 2 1 2 - 1 1 1 7 6 8 1% 3% 0% 0% -
Montenegro 5 5 10 1 8 8 8 5 4 6 62% 55% 23% 45% 0%
Morocco 3 4 2 3 1 1 1 4 5 3 5% 5% 0% 0% 0%
Mozambique 6 7 5 7 2 2 2 9 9 9 4% 10% 0% 1% 0%
Myanmar 8 7 8 10 5 5 5 10 9 10 1% 16% 41% 0% 0%
Namibia 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 5 2 1% 6% 0% 1% 0%
Nepal 6 4 8 - 8 8 8 9 8 9 90% 50% 56% 100% -
Netherlands 7 7 3 10 4 4 4 2 2 1 15% 27% 22% 2% 0%
New Zealand 3 2 6 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 0% 1% 16% 0% 0%
Nicaragua 6 6 8 3 4 4 4 6 6 6 29% 19% 9% 0% 2%
Niger 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 10 10 9 6% 1% 0% 0% -
Nigeria 6 7 2 8 1 1 1 10 10 10 4% 2% 16% 0% 34%
North Korea 7 6 9 6 10 10 9 - - - 100% 89% 75% 100% -
North Macedonia 2 1 3 - 1 1 1 5 5 5 0% 1% 0% - -
Norway 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 6% 5% 11% 0% 6%
Oman 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 5 3 0% 0% 12% 0% 0%
Pakistan 6 7 2 10 4 4 4 8 9 7 12% 10% 11% 5% 0%
Panama 6 5 8 5 6 6 6 4 4 3 21% 22% 25% 2% 70%
Papua New Guinea 6 4 7 6 5 4 5 9 9 8 81% 10% 1% 97% 86%
Paraguay 6 8 4 - 2 1 2 8 6 9 0% 3% 0% 1% 0%
Peru 5 7 3 6 1 1 1 7 6 8 0% 2% 2% 0% 10%
Philippines 7 6 8 6 8 8 7 8 6 9 55% 44% 44% 75% 11%
Poland 4 3 3 7 1 1 1 3 2 4 1% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Portugal 6 7 5 5 1 1 1 2 2 1 4% 4% 11% 16% 0%
Qatar 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Romania 5 4 5 - 4 3 5 6 4 7 6% 4% 7% 68% 0%
Russia 3 5 1 3 1 1 1 5 4 5 5% 1% 9% 3% 9%
Rwanda 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 5 7 3 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Saudi Arabia 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 4 4 4 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Senegal 5 5 2 8 1 1 1 9 9 8 1% 1% 18% 0% 0%
Serbia 6 6 5 - 1 1 1 5 4 6 4% 5% 0% 0% -
Seychelles 6 10 1 7 1 1 1 4 4 3 - - - 0% 0%
Sierra Leone 6 7 7 4 5 5 5 10 10 10 8% 29% 99% 0% 0%
Singapore 5 3 8 3 5 5 4 2 3 1 11% 18% 38% 0% 0%
Slovakia 4 3 5 - 2 1 2 4 3 4 7% 4% 12% 0% -
Slovenia 4 2 8 2 5 5 5 2 1 2 22% 15% 35% 0% 0%
Solomon Islands 5 1 8 5 8 7 8 9 9 8 - 23% - 0% -
Somalia 3 4 1 3 2 2 1 10 10 9 3% 7% - 0% 0%
South Africa 3 4 3 1 5 4 5 5 5 4 13% 13% 0% 3% 18%
South Korea 8 8 9 7 10 10 10 1 1 1 100% 95% 90% 97% 100%
South Sudan 3 4 2 - 1 1 1 10 10 9 2% 0% - 0% -
Spain 4 6 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 8% 4% 10% 12% 2%
Sri Lanka 5 6 8 1 5 5 5 6 6 6 1% 46% 45% 0% 0%
Sudan 2 3 1 1 3 2 3 10 10 9 8% 2% 71% 0% 0%
Suriname 8 9 8 7 10 10 10 7 7 7 - 80% 0% 100% 100%
Sweden 3 4 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 5% 2% 25% 0% 64%
Switzerland 6 5 6 - 2 2 2 1 1 1 11% 6% 33% 0% -
Syria 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 9 6 0% 5% 13% 0% 0%
Tajikistan 4 7 1 - 2 1 2 7 7 6 - 4% 15% 5% -
Tanzania 5 4 4 6 6 5 6 8 9 7 23% 9% 81% 81% 100%
Thailand 7 8 7 7 4 3 4 5 5 4 25% 14% 26% 1% 0%
Timor-Leste 4 1 8 2 5 5 5 9 8 9 0% 26% - 0% 0%
Togo 3 5 2 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 1% 2% 0% 0% 0%
Trinidad and Tobago 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 0% 5% 0% 0% 0%
Tunisia 3 3 1 5 1 1 1 5 5 5 4% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Turkey 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 1% 2% 3% 0% 0%
Turkmenistan 2 3 1 - 1 1 1 7 7 6 0% 1% 0% 0% -
Uganda 5 8 1 - 1 1 1 9 9 8 0% 1% 0% 0% -
Ukraine 3 4 3 1 1 1 1 5 4 6 4% 1% 1% 7% 0%
United Arab Emirates 3 2 1 7 2 2 2 2 3 1 3% 3% 21% 0% 29%
United Kingdom 3 2 1 6 1 1 1 2 1 2 2% 1% 5% 0% 0%
United States 5 6 3 7 3 2 3 1 1 1 13% 10% 23% 13% 21%
Uruguay 5 7 6 2 6 6 6 4 3 5 27% 2% 0% 11% 100%
Uzbekistan 3 4 1 - 1 1 1 8 7 8 4% 2% 1% 0% -
Vanuatu 5 3 8 3 6 6 6 8 8 8 - 51% - 100% 0%
Venezuela 5 8 4 4 1 1 1 6 4 7 6% 1% 5% 3% 0%
Vietnam 8 7 8 9 7 7 6 7 7 7 44% 38% 46% 48% 8%
Yemen 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 10 10 10 2% 0% 0% 2% 0%
Zambia 4 6 2 - 1 1 1 8 8 8 0% 3% 4% 0% -
Zimbabwe 4 5 3 - 2 2 1 8 8 8 1% 5% 0% 0% -
Jurisdiction ? Total Riverine Rainfall Coastal Total Human Economic Total HumanÌý Economic Urban areas Rural areas Power plants International aiports International ports
Global averages 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 6 6 6 12% 13% 19% 17% 22%
Regional averages: Central Asia 3 4 1 3 1 1 1 7 6 7 2% 2% 7% 1% 9%
Regional averages: East Asia and Pacific 6 4 7 6 7 7 7 5 5 5 49% 34% 46% 68% 49%
Regional averages: Europe 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 8% 6% 12% 8% 8%
Regional averages: Latin America and Caribbean 5 5 6 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 12% 22% 18% 23% 43%
Regional averages: Middle East and North Africa 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 6 6 5 10% 7% 10% 7% 3%
Regional averages: North America 4 5 2 6 2 2 2 1 1 1 9% 6% 18% 26% 11%
Regional averages: South Asia 6 6 6 8 5 5 5 8 8 7 32% 30% 34% 27% 30%
Regional averages: Southeast Asia 7 6 7 6 5 5 5 7 6 6 25% 26% 33% 29% 3%
Regional averages: Sub-Saharan Africa 4 5 3 4 2 2 2 9 9 8 8% 8% 23% 11% 24%
Income averages: High income economies 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 11% 11% 14% 15% 17%
Income averages: Upper-middle income economies 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 6 5 5 15% 16% 20% 19% 24%
Income averages: Lower-middle income economies 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 8 7 7 13% 14% 18% 23% 29%
Income averages: Low income economies 4 4 3 4 2 2 2 9 10 9 10% 10% 27% 9% 12%
Afghanistan 3 3 2 - 1 1 1 - 7 - 2% 2% 0% 0% -
Albania 7 7 6 7 3 3 2 5 5 5 17% 15% 62% 0% 0%
Algeria 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 6 7 0% 3% 3% 0% 0%
Andorra 5 1 8 - 1 1 1 3 3 2 - 0% - - -
Angola 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 10 9 10 0% 1% 22% 0% 0%
Antigua and Barbuda 6 7 8 3 10 10 10 1 1 1 - 88% - 100% 100%
Argentina 4 5 2 5 1 1 1 4 2 5 1% 1% 5% 0% 0%
Armenia 2 1 3 - 1 1 1 6 6 5 - 0% 0% 0% -
Australia 5 3 5 8 6 6 6 2 1 2 24% 4% 16% 63% 22%
Austria 6 5 6 - 4 4 4 1 1 1 13% 7% 58% 4% -
Azerbaijan 5 6 3 - 1 1 1 5 6 3 25% 4% 0% 0% -
Bahamas, The 6 4 7 7 9 9 9 2 2 2 5% 69% - 86% 100%
Bahrain 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 4 4 3 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Bangladesh 9 10 8 10 8 8 8 9 8 9 63% 60% 71% 10% 95%
Barbados 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 0% - 0% 0%
Belarus 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 5 4 5 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Belgium 5 2 3 9 1 1 1 2 1 2 0% 1% 0% 1% 0%
Belize 5 4 8 4 8 7 8 4 3 4 - 13% - 0% 100%
Benin 4 7 2 2 1 1 1 10 9 10 0% 3% 0% 0% 0%
Bhutan 3 3 3 - 1 1 1 7 8 5 0% 2% 5% 0% -
Bolivia 4 6 2 - 1 1 1 7 6 8 0% 2% 0% 0% -
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 3 5 1 1 1 1 5 4 6 4% 2% 12% 0% -
Botswana 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 6 6 6 0% 2% 0% 0% -
Brazil 7 8 5 7 4 4 4 6 5 7 16% 8% 40% 4% 42%
Brunei 6 6 8 3 8 8 7 5 5 5 69% 34% 39% 100% -
Bulgaria 5 4 5 - 1 1 1 4 3 4 3% 6% 0% 0% 0%
Burkina Faso 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 10 10 10 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Burundi 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 10 10 10 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Cambodia 6 8 4 6 2 1 2 9 9 8 4% 6% 0% 0% 0%
Cameroon 5 6 2 6 3 3 3 9 8 10 16% 6% 28% 70% 55%
Canada 3 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4% 1% 13% 39% 0%
Central African Republic 4 5 3 - 1 1 1 10 10 9 0% 1% 0% 0% -
Chad 3 4 1 - 1 1 1 10 10 10 0% 3% - 0% -
Chile 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 0% 3% 6% 0% 0%
China 7 5 5 10 7 7 7 5 5 4 33% 21% 32% 69% 71%
Colombia 7 7 6 7 2 2 1 6 5 7 2% 13% 4% 0% 37%
Comoros 6 5 10 4 9 8 10 8 8 8 - 78% - 96% 100%
Congo, Dem. Rep. 4 7 3 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 6% 2% 74% 1% 0%
Congo, Rep. 4 7 2 2 3 3 2 8 8 8 21% 5% 73% 0% 0%
Costa Rica 7 7 9 4 6 6 5 5 3 6 0% 40% 33% 20% 88%
Croatia 5 6 6 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 5% 1% 0% 24% 98%
Cuba 5 4 6 5 4 3 5 5 4 5 14% 6% 41% 2% 87%
Cyprus 3 2 6 2 1 1 1 3 2 3 9% 14% 0% 0% 0%
Czech Republic 4 4 4 - 1 1 1 3 2 3 4% 1% 0% 0% -
Denmark 3 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Djibouti 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 7 8 5 0% - 0% 0% 0%
Dominica 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 - 0% - 0% 0%
Dominican Republic 5 5 8 2 8 8 8 7 6 7 26% 33% 7% 7% 6%
Ecuador 7 6 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 3 76% 63% 62% 49% 87%
Egypt 3 4 1 3 2 1 2 7 7 6 3% 4% 21% 0% 0%
El Salvador 6 6 6 5 1 1 1 7 6 7 1% 5% 17% 0% 56%
Equatorial Guinea 4 6 5 2 8 8 7 8 9 7 0% 8% 1% 99% 23%
Eritrea 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Estonia 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
eSwatini 6 5 6 - 1 1 1 6 7 5 0% 2% 0% 0% -
Ethiopia 3 3 2 - 1 1 1 9 10 7 0% 0% 48% 0% -
Fiji 6 5 8 5 6 5 6 4 5 3 - 14% 100% 100% 48%
Finland 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1% 1% 0% 0% 0%
France 5 4 5 7 2 2 2 1 1 1 8% 5% 2% 10% 2%
Gabon 5 9 4 3 6 7 5 8 7 9 55% 15% 56% 0% 74%
Gambia, The 7 9 2 9 1 1 1 8 10 6 0% 1% 0% - -
Georgia 6 4 7 - 4 3 4 6 5 6 22% 6% 4% 10% 0%
Germany 6 4 5 10 2 1 2 1 1 1 5% 5% 7% 0% 11%
Ghana 6 9 3 6 1 1 1 8 8 7 0% 5% 22% 0% 0%
Greece 4 3 4 4 1 1 1 4 3 4 4% 6% 3% 10% 0%
Grenada 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 - 0% - - 0%
Guatemala 4 4 7 2 3 3 2 7 7 7 6% 16% 6% 0% 0%
Guinea 6 4 5 9 4 5 3 10 10 10 27% 11% 58% 0% 0%
Guinea-Bissau 8 7 7 9 1 1 1 10 10 9 2% 5% 0% 0% 0%
Guyana 7 6 8 6 10 10 10 7 7 7 - 72% 100% 100% 100%
Haiti 3 1 6 1 8 7 8 10 9 10 0% 16% - 100% 100%
Honduras 6 7 8 3 7 7 7 7 7 6 39% 23% 25% 66% 92%
Hungary 4 5 3 - 1 1 1 4 3 4 1% 0% 0% 0% -
Iceland 3 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2% 1% 25% 0% 0%
India 8 8 6 9 6 5 6 6 8 4 23% 13% 17% 45% 25%
Indonesia 6 6 6 6 2 2 2 7 7 6 6% 8% 12% 6% 3%
Iran 3 3 1 6 1 1 1 5 5 5 4% 3% 4% 0% 0%
Iraq 6 8 1 9 3 3 3 8 7 8 7% 7% 16% 41% 0%
Ireland 3 2 2 5 1 1 1 3 2 4 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Israel 2 1 5 1 9 9 9 2 2 2 99% 41% 61% 98% 39%
Italy 5 4 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4 7% 6% 6% 27% 53%
Ivory Coast 5 9 5 1 2 1 2 7 9 5 5% 7% 0% 0% 0%
Jamaica 4 1 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0% 20% 0% 0% 0%
Japan 6 4 8 5 6 6 6 2 2 1 4% 28% 34% 33% 10%
Jordan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 6 4 0% 4% 0% 0% 0%
Kazakhstan 2 3 1 - 1 1 1 6 5 6 1% 1% 3% 0% -
Kenya 5 4 4 7 3 3 3 6 7 4 15% 13% 13% 5% 100%
Kiribati 7 1 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 - 33% - 100% 100%
Kosovo 5 7 3 - 1 1 1 5 5 5 5% 4% 50% - -
Kuwait 4 3 1 8 1 1 1 6 6 6 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Kyrgyzstan 3 4 2 - 1 1 1 8 7 9 2% 4% 24% 0% -
Laos 8 8 7 - 6 5 6 8 8 7 20% 22% 42% 75% -
Latvia 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 4 4 4 4% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Lebanon 3 1 8 1 8 8 8 8 6 10 66% 48% 43% 0% 0%
Lesotho 3 2 3 - 1 1 1 9 8 9 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Liberia 5 5 8 1 8 8 8 10 10 10 100% 28% 100% 100% 100%
Libya 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 9 7 10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Liechtenstein 9 9 - 4 3 4 2 2 2 14% 28% - - -
Lithuania 3 2 2 5 1 1 1 3 3 3 4% 3% 0% 0% 0%
Luxembourg 4 2 5 - 1 1 1 2 2 2 3% 1% 0% 0% -
Madagascar 6 5 7 5 6 5 6 10 9 10 0% 52% 0% 18% 62%
Malawi 4 3 4 - 1 1 1 9 9 9 7% 4% 100% 0% -
Malaysia 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 4 2 41% 56% 38% 16% 9%
Mali 3 4 1 - 1 1 1 10 10 10 5% 2% 20% 0% -
Malta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 4 0% 0% - 0% 0%
Mauritania 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 10 9 10 0% 2% 0% 0% 0%
Mexico 5 6 4 6 3 3 2 5 5 5 7% 27% 27% 8% 23%
Micronesia 2 1 2 4 9 8 9 8 8 8 - - - 62% -
Moldova 7 7 6 - 6 6 6 7 6 7 41% 11% 80% 100% 0%
Mongolia 2 1 2 - 1 1 1 7 6 8 1% 3% 0% 0% -
Montenegro 5 5 10 1 8 8 8 5 4 6 62% 55% 23% 45% 0%
Morocco 3 4 2 3 1 1 1 4 5 3 5% 5% 0% 0% 0%
Mozambique 6 7 5 7 2 2 2 9 9 9 4% 10% 0% 1% 0%
Myanmar 8 7 8 10 5 5 5 10 9 10 1% 16% 41% 0% 0%
Namibia 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 5 2 1% 6% 0% 1% 0%
Nepal 6 4 8 - 8 8 8 9 8 9 90% 50% 56% 100% -
Netherlands 7 7 3 10 4 4 4 2 2 1 15% 27% 22% 2% 0%
New Zealand 3 2 6 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 0% 1% 16% 0% 0%
Nicaragua 6 6 8 3 4 4 4 6 6 6 29% 19% 9% 0% 2%
Niger 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 10 10 9 6% 1% 0% 0% -
Nigeria 6 7 2 8 1 1 1 10 10 10 4% 2% 16% 0% 34%
North Korea 7 6 9 6 10 10 9 - - - 100% 89% 75% 100% -
North Macedonia 2 1 3 - 1 1 1 5 5 5 0% 1% 0% - -
Norway 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 6% 5% 11% 0% 6%
Oman 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 5 3 0% 0% 12% 0% 0%
Pakistan 6 7 2 10 4 4 4 8 9 7 12% 10% 11% 5% 0%
Panama 6 5 8 5 6 6 6 4 4 3 21% 22% 25% 2% 70%
Papua New Guinea 6 4 7 6 5 4 5 9 9 8 81% 10% 1% 97% 86%
Paraguay 6 8 4 - 2 1 2 8 6 9 0% 3% 0% 1% 0%
Peru 5 7 3 6 1 1 1 7 6 8 0% 2% 2% 0% 10%
Philippines 7 6 8 6 8 8 7 8 6 9 55% 44% 44% 75% 11%
Poland 4 3 3 7 1 1 1 3 2 4 1% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Portugal 6 7 5 5 1 1 1 2 2 1 4% 4% 11% 16% 0%
Qatar 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Romania 5 4 5 - 4 3 5 6 4 7 6% 4% 7% 68% 0%
Russia 3 5 1 3 1 1 1 5 4 5 5% 1% 9% 3% 9%
Rwanda 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 5 7 3 0% 0% 0% 0% -
Saudi Arabia 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 4 4 4 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Senegal 5 5 2 8 1 1 1 9 9 8 1% 1% 18% 0% 0%
Serbia 6 6 5 - 1 1 1 5 4 6 4% 5% 0% 0% -
Seychelles 6 10 1 7 1 1 1 4 4 3 - - - 0% 0%
Sierra Leone 6 7 7 4 5 5 5 10 10 10 8% 29% 99% 0% 0%
Singapore 5 3 8 3 5 5 4 2 3 1 11% 18% 38% 0% 0%
Slovakia 4 3 5 - 2 1 2 4 3 4 7% 4% 12% 0% -
Slovenia 4 2 8 2 5 5 5 2 1 2 22% 15% 35% 0% 0%
Solomon Islands 5 1 8 5 8 7 8 9 9 8 - 23% - 0% -
Somalia 3 4 1 3 2 2 1 10 10 9 3% 7% - 0% 0%
South Africa 3 4 3 1 5 4 5 5 5 4 13% 13% 0% 3% 18%
South Korea 8 8 9 7 10 10 10 1 1 1 100% 95% 90% 97% 100%
South Sudan 3 4 2 - 1 1 1 10 10 9 2% 0% - 0% -
Spain 4 6 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 8% 4% 10% 12% 2%
Sri Lanka 5 6 8 1 5 5 5 6 6 6 1% 46% 45% 0% 0%
Sudan 2 3 1 1 3 2 3 10 10 9 8% 2% 71% 0% 0%
Suriname 8 9 8 7 10 10 10 7 7 7 - 80% 0% 100% 100%
Sweden 3 4 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 5% 2% 25% 0% 64%
Switzerland 6 5 6 - 2 2 2 1 1 1 11% 6% 33% 0% -
Syria 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 9 6 0% 5% 13% 0% 0%
Tajikistan 4 7 1 - 2 1 2 7 7 6 - 4% 15% 5% -
Tanzania 5 4 4 6 6 5 6 8 9 7 23% 9% 81% 81% 100%
Thailand 7 8 7 7 4 3 4 5 5 4 25% 14% 26% 1% 0%
Timor-Leste 4 1 8 2 5 5 5 9 8 9 0% 26% - 0% 0%
Togo 3 5 2 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 1% 2% 0% 0% 0%
Trinidad and Tobago 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 0% 5% 0% 0% 0%
Tunisia 3 3 1 5 1 1 1 5 5 5 4% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Turkey 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 1% 2% 3% 0% 0%
Turkmenistan 2 3 1 - 1 1 1 7 7 6 0% 1% 0% 0% -
Uganda 5 8 1 - 1 1 1 9 9 8 0% 1% 0% 0% -
Ukraine 3 4 3 1 1 1 1 5 4 6 4% 1% 1% 7% 0%
United Arab Emirates 3 2 1 7 2 2 2 2 3 1 3% 3% 21% 0% 29%
United Kingdom 3 2 1 6 1 1 1 2 1 2 2% 1% 5% 0% 0%
United States 5 6 3 7 3 2 3 1 1 1 13% 10% 23% 13% 21%
Uruguay 5 7 6 2 6 6 6 4 3 5 27% 2% 0% 11% 100%
Uzbekistan 3 4 1 - 1 1 1 8 7 8 4% 2% 1% 0% -
Vanuatu 5 3 8 3 6 6 6 8 8 8 - 51% - 100% 0%
Venezuela 5 8 4 4 1 1 1 6 4 7 6% 1% 5% 3% 0%
Vietnam 8 7 8 9 7 7 6 7 7 7 44% 38% 46% 48% 8%
Yemen 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 10 10 10 2% 0% 0% 2% 0%
Zambia 4 6 2 - 1 1 1 8 8 8 0% 3% 4% 0% -
Zimbabwe 4 5 3 - 2 2 1 8 8 8 1% 5% 0% 0% -
Global averages 4 5 5 6 4 5 5 6 4 5 5 6 4 5 5 6
Regional averages: Central Asia 3 2 2 4 4 3 3 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
Regional averages: East Asia and Pacific 6 6 6 7 4 4 5 5 7 7 8 8 6 6 6 7
Regional averages: Europe 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 5
Regional averages: Latin America and Caribbean 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 4 4 5 5
Regional averages: Middle East and North Africa 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 5
Regional averages: North America 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 3 3 6 6 6 6
Regional averages: South Asia 6 8 8 8 6 8 8 9 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8
Regional averages: Southeast Asia 7 7 8 8 6 7 7 8 7 7 8 9 6 7 7 8
Regional averages: Sub-Saharan Africa 4 5 5 6 5 6 7 7 3 4 4 5 4 4 5 5
Income averages: High income economies 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 6
Income averages: Upper-middle income economies 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 4 4 5 5
Income averages: Lower-middle income economies 5 5 5 6 5 5 6 6 4 5 5 6 5 5 5 6
Income averages: Low income economies 4 5 5 6 4 6 7 7 3 4 4 5 4 4 5 5
Afghanistan 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 - - - -
Albania 7 6 6 7 7 4 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8
Algeria 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Andorra 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 8 - - - -
Angola 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 4 1 1 1 1
Antigua and Barbuda 6 8 8 8 7 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 3 3 4 5
Argentina 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 6
Armenia 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 5 - - - -
Australia 5 6 6 7 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 8 9
Austria 6 6 6 7 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 - - - -
Azerbaijan 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 3 4 4 4 - - - -
Bahamas, The 6 6 7 7 4 3 4 2 7 8 8 9 7 8 8 9
Bahrain 2 4 5 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 2 2 5 8 9 10
Bangladesh 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 10
Barbados 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1
Belarus 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - -
Belgium 5 5 6 6 2 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 9 9 10 10
Belize 5 6 8 8 4 5 9 9 8 9 10 10 4 4 5 6
Benin 4 4 5 5 7 8 9 9 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 4
Bhutan 3 5 5 6 3 5 5 6 3 4 4 6 - - - -
Bolivia 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 2 3 3 4 - - - -
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 7 1 1 1 1
Botswana 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 - - - -
Brazil 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 5 5 6 7 7 7 8 8
Brunei 6 6 6 7 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 3 3 3 4
Bulgaria 5 5 5 6 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 - - - -
Burkina Faso 2 4 5 6 2 5 8 9 2 2 2 3 - - - -
Burundi 2 3 3 5 2 3 4 6 2 2 2 4 - - - -
Cambodia 6 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 4 4 6 7 6 7 7 8
Cameroon 5 6 6 7 6 7 6 6 2 5 5 7 6 7 7 8
Canada 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 4
Central African Republic 4 5 6 6 5 6 6 7 3 4 5 5 - - - -
Chad 3 5 6 6 4 8 8 8 1 2 3 3 - - - -
Chile 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3
China 7 7 7 8 5 5 5 6 5 5 6 7 10 10 10 10
Colombia 7 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 6 6 7 8 7 7 8 8
Comoros 6 7 8 8 5 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 4 4 5 5
Congo, Dem. Rep. 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 3 4 5 6 1 2 2 3
Congo, Rep. 4 4 5 5 7 7 7 8 2 3 5 5 2 2 2 3
Costa Rica 7 7 6 7 7 6 5 6 9 10 10 10 4 4 4 5
Croatia 5 4 5 5 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 2 2 3 3
Cuba 5 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 6 8 8 9 5 5 6 7
Cyprus 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 6 7 7 7 2 2 3 3
Czech Republic 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 - - - -
Denmark 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 7
Djibouti 2 3 4 3 2 3 4 5 1 3 7 2 2 2 2 2
Dominica 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Dominican Republic 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 2 3 3 3
Ecuador 7 7 8 9 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 10 8 8 9 9
Egypt 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 1 1 1 1 3 5 5 6
El Salvador 6 6 7 8 6 6 7 8 6 6 7 8 5 6 6 7
Equatorial Guinea 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 5 7 7 8 2 2 2 3
Eritrea 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 3 5 1 1 1 2
Estonia 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2
eSwatini 6 6 6 7 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 - - - -
Ethiopia 3 5 5 7 3 6 7 8 2 3 3 5 - - - -
Fiji 6 7 8 8 5 8 8 10 8 8 9 9 5 5 6 6
Finland 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 4
France 5 6 6 6 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 6 7 8 8 8
Gabon 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 10 4 6 7 8 3 3 4 5
Gambia, The 7 7 8 7 9 10 10 10 2 3 4 3 9 9 9 9
Georgia 6 5 5 6 4 3 3 3 7 7 7 8 - - - -
Germany 6 6 6 7 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 10 10 10 10
Ghana 6 6 7 7 9 9 10 10 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 7
Greece 4 4 4 5 3 3 4 4 4 6 5 5 4 4 4 5
Grenada 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 3 3 3 3
Guatemala 4 5 6 5 4 4 7 5 7 8 10 9 2 2 2 2
Guinea 6 8 8 8 4 6 7 7 5 7 8 7 9 10 10 10
Guinea-Bissau 8 8 8 9 7 8 8 10 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 10
Guyana 7 8 9 9 6 8 9 9 8 8 10 10 6 7 7 8
Haiti 3 4 3 4 1 1 1 1 6 9 7 9 1 1 1 1
Honduras 6 6 7 7 7 7 9 8 8 8 8 9 3 4 4 5
Hungary 4 4 4 6 5 5 5 6 3 3 3 5 - - - -
Iceland 3 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4
India 8 9 9 9 8 10 10 10 6 7 8 8 9 9 9 10
Indonesia 6 7 7 8 6 7 8 8 6 6 6 8 6 7 7 8
Iran 3 4 4 5 3 4 4 5 1 2 2 3 6 6 6 7
Iraq 6 5 5 7 8 6 6 8 1 1 1 2 9 9 9 10
Ireland 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 5 6 6 6
Israel 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 5 5 6 6 1 1 1 1
Italy 5 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 6 6 7 7
Ivory Coast 5 5 5 6 9 7 7 8 5 6 6 8 1 1 1 1
Jamaica 4 4 4 5 1 1 2 1 8 8 8 10 3 3 3 4
Japan 6 6 6 6 4 4 5 5 8 8 8 8 5 5 5 6
Jordan 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 6
Kazakhstan 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 - - - -
Kenya 5 7 7 9 4 7 8 10 4 6 7 8 7 7 7 8
Kiribati 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Kosovo 5 3 4 4 7 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 - - - -
Kuwait 4 5 5 6 3 5 5 7 1 1 1 1 8 8 9 9
Kyrgyzstan 3 2 2 3 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 - - - -
Laos 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 9 7 8 8 9 - - - -
Latvia 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2
Lebanon 3 3 3 4 1 1 1 1 8 8 8 9 1 1 1 1
Lesotho 3 4 4 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 4 4 - - - -
Liberia 5 5 6 6 5 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 1 1 2 2
Libya 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 6 6
Liechtenstein 9 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 - - - -
Lithuania 3 3 3 4 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 6
Luxembourg 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 5 6 6 6 - - - -
Madagascar 6 6 7 7 5 6 7 6 7 7 8 8 5 5 5 6
Malawi 4 6 7 8 3 6 6 7 4 6 7 8 - - - -
Malaysia 8 8 9 9 8 7 8 8 8 8 9 10 8 8 9 9
Mali 3 4 5 6 4 7 8 9 1 1 1 2 - - - -
Malta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Mauritania 2 3 3 3 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 4 5 5 5
Mexico 5 5 6 7 6 5 6 7 4 4 6 6 6 6 7 7
Micronesia 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5
Moldova 7 6 7 7 7 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 - - - -
Mongolia 2 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 - - - -
Montenegro 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 10 10 10 10 1 1 1 2
Morocco 3 2 3 4 4 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 3 4
Mozambique 6 7 8 8 7 8 8 8 5 6 7 7 7 8 8 9
Myanmar 8 9 9 10 7 9 10 10 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 10
Namibia 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Nepal 6 8 8 9 4 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 - - - -
Netherlands 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 3 4 4 4 10 10 10 10
New Zealand 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 7 2 2 2 2
Nicaragua 6 6 7 8 6 7 9 9 8 8 9 10 3 3 4 5
Niger 1 4 5 5 1 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 - - - -
Nigeria 6 7 7 8 7 9 10 10 2 2 3 4 8 9 9 10
North Korea 7 7 8 8 6 6 7 7 9 9 9 10 6 6 7 7
North Macedonia 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 5 - - - -
Norway 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4
Oman 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 5
Pakistan 6 7 7 8 7 9 8 9 2 3 3 5 10 10 10 10
Panama 6 6 6 7 5 5 6 7 8 8 8 10 5 5 5 5
Papua New Guinea 6 6 7 8 4 6 7 9 7 7 8 8 6 6 6 7
Paraguay 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 5 - - - -
Peru 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 7
Philippines 7 7 8 8 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 10 6 6 7 7
Poland 4 4 5 6 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 5 7 7 8 9
Portugal 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 6
Qatar 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4
Romania 5 5 5 6 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 - - - -
Russia 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 4
Rwanda 2 4 4 6 2 4 5 7 2 3 3 5 - - - -
Saudi Arabia 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 5 5 5 6
Senegal 5 6 7 7 5 7 8 8 2 2 3 3 8 9 9 9
Serbia 6 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 6 - - - -
Seychelles 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 8
Sierra Leone 6 7 7 8 7 8 9 9 7 8 8 9 4 4 5 6
Singapore 5 6 7 8 3 4 4 5 8 8 9 10 3 5 8 9
Slovakia 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 - - - -
Slovenia 4 4 4 5 2 2 3 3 8 8 8 8 2 2 2 3
Solomon Islands 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 8 9 9 9 5 5 5 5
Somalia 3 4 5 6 4 8 10 10 1 2 2 4 3 3 3 4
South Africa 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1
South Korea 8 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 7 8 8 8
South Sudan 3 5 6 7 4 7 8 9 2 2 3 4 - - - -
Spain 4 4 5 5 6 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 5
Sri Lanka 5 6 6 7 6 8 9 10 8 8 9 9 1 1 1 1
Sudan 2 3 4 4 3 6 7 8 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 2
Suriname 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 8 9 10 10 7 7 7 8
Sweden 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4
Switzerland 6 6 6 7 5 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 - - - -
Syria 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Tajikistan 4 3 3 5 7 5 5 7 1 1 1 2 - - - -
Tanzania 5 5 6 7 4 5 5 7 4 5 6 8 6 6 6 7
Thailand 7 8 8 8 8 7 8 8 7 8 8 8 7 8 8 9
Timor-Leste 4 4 4 5 1 1 1 3 8 8 8 9 2 2 3 3
Togo 3 4 4 5 5 8 8 9 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2
Trinidad and Tobago 2 3 5 5 1 2 5 6 5 6 7 7 1 2 2 2
Tunisia 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 1 2 5 6 6 6
Turkey 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 1 1 2
Turkmenistan 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 1 1 1 1 - - - -
Uganda 5 6 7 7 8 10 10 10 1 2 3 4 - - - -
Ukraine 3 3 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 1 1
United Arab Emirates 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 2 1 1 2 2 7 7 8 9
United Kingdom 3 3 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 6 7 7 7
United States 5 5 6 6 6 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 7 7 8 8
Uruguay 5 6 6 6 7 9 9 9 6 7 7 7 2 2 2 2
Uzbekistan 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 5 1 1 1 1 - - - -
Vanuatu 5 5 5 6 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 9 3 3 3 4
Venezuela 5 7 7 7 8 10 10 9 4 5 6 6 4 5 5 5
Vietnam 8 8 9 9 7 8 9 9 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10
Yemen 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 4
Zambia 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 7 2 2 3 5 - - - -
Zimbabwe 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 4 - - - -
Global averages 3 5 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6
Regional averages: Central Asia 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 3 3
Regional averages: East Asia and Pacific 7 8 9 9 7 8 9 9 7 8 9 9
Regional averages: Europe 2 4 4 5 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 5
Regional averages: Latin America and Caribbean 4 6 6 7 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7
Regional averages: Middle East and North Africa 2 4 5 5 2 4 5 5 2 4 5 5
Regional averages: North America 2 4 6 7 2 4 5 6 2 5 6 7
Regional averages: South Asia 5 7 8 8 5 7 8 9 5 7 8 8
Regional averages: Southeast Asia 5 8 8 9 5 7 8 9 5 7 8 9
Regional averages: Sub-Saharan Africa 2 4 4 5 2 4 4 5 2 4 4 5
Income averages: High income economies 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 5 3 4 5 6
Income averages: Upper-middle income economies 4 5 6 6 3 5 5 6 3 5 6 6
Income averages: Lower-middle income economies 4 5 6 6 3 5 6 6 4 5 6 6
Income averages: Low income economies 2 4 4 5 2 4 4 5 2 3 4 5
Afghanistan 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 3 3 3
Albania 3 5 5 8 3 5 5 8 2 5 5 8
Algeria 1 3 4 4 1 3 3 3 1 3 4 4
Andorra 1 4 4 4 1 6 6 6 1 2 2 2
Angola 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2
Antigua and Barbuda 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Argentina 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Armenia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Australia 6 8 8 8 6 8 8 8 6 8 8 8
Austria 4 5 5 6 4 5 5 6 4 5 5 5
Azerbaijan 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Bahamas, The 9 9 9 10 9 9 9 10 9 9 9 10
Bahrain 1 2 3 6 1 2 2 5 1 2 4 6
Bangladesh 8 9 10 10 8 9 9 10 8 9 10 10
Barbados 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Belarus 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Belgium 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 1 3 3 3
Belize 8 9 10 10 7 9 10 10 8 9 10 10
Benin 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Bhutan 1 4 5 6 1 4 6 7 1 3 3 5
Bolivia 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 3 3 4 1 3 3 4 1 3 3 4
Botswana 1 5 7 7 1 4 7 7 1 5 7 7
Brazil 4 5 5 6 4 5 5 6 4 5 5 6
Brunei 8 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 7 10 10 10
Bulgaria 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3
Burkina Faso 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Burundi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cambodia 2 6 6 6 1 5 5 5 2 6 6 6
Cameroon 3 6 6 6 3 5 5 6 3 6 6 6
Canada 1 3 6 6 1 3 5 5 1 3 6 6
Central African Republic 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Chad 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 3
Chile 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2
China 7 8 9 9 7 8 8 9 7 8 9 9
Colombia 2 2 4 6 2 2 4 6 1 2 3 6
Comoros 9 9 10 10 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10
Congo, Dem. Rep. 1 2 3 4 1 2 2 4 1 2 3 4
Congo, Rep. 3 4 7 5 3 5 7 5 2 3 6 4
Costa Rica 6 6 9 9 6 7 9 9 5 5 9 9
Croatia 1 4 5 5 1 5 5 5 1 3 5 5
Cuba 4 7 9 10 3 5 8 10 5 8 9 10
Cyprus 1 3 6 6 1 3 6 6 1 2 6 6
Czech Republic 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 3
Denmark 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3
Djibouti 1 4 5 5 1 5 5 5 1 3 4 4
Dominica 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Dominican Republic 8 7 7 8 8 7 7 7 8 7 7 8
Ecuador 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 9
Egypt 2 4 7 8 1 3 6 7 2 4 7 8
El Salvador 1 3 6 8 1 4 6 8 1 2 6 8
Equatorial Guinea 8 8 9 8 8 8 9 8 7 8 8 8
Eritrea 1 3 3 3 1 4 4 4 1 1 1 1
Estonia 1 4 4 4 1 3 3 3 1 4 4 4
eSwatini 1 2 3 7 1 2 2 7 1 1 4 6
Ethiopia 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
Fiji 6 8 10 10 5 8 10 10 6 8 10 10
Finland 1 4 6 6 1 4 6 6 1 4 6 6
France 2 4 4 5 2 4 4 5 2 4 4 5
Gabon 6 7 7 8 7 7 8 8 5 6 6 7
Gambia, The 1 5 7 7 1 5 6 6 1 5 8 8
Georgia 4 5 6 6 3 5 5 6 4 5 6 6
Germany 2 4 4 5 1 3 4 4 2 4 4 5
Ghana 1 3 5 5 1 3 4 4 1 3 5 5
Greece 1 3 5 5 1 3 5 5 1 3 5 5
Grenada 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Guatemala 3 5 9 9 3 5 8 8 2 5 9 9
Guinea 4 7 8 8 5 7 8 7 3 6 8 8
Guinea-Bissau 1 3 7 8 1 2 7 8 1 4 7 8
Guyana 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Haiti 8 9 8 9 7 8 8 9 8 9 8 9
Honduras 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7
Hungary 1 4 4 4 1 3 3 3 1 4 4 4
Iceland 1 4 5 5 1 4 4 4 1 4 5 5
India 6 7 8 8 5 7 7 8 6 7 8 8
Indonesia 2 6 7 8 2 6 7 8 2 5 7 8
Iran 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5
Iraq 3 7 7 7 3 7 7 7 3 7 7 7
Ireland 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3
Israel 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 9 9 9
Italy 2 4 5 6 2 4 5 5 2 4 5 6
Ivory Coast 2 5 5 8 1 4 4 8 2 5 5 8
Jamaica 3 4 6 10 3 4 5 9 3 4 6 10
Japan 6 7 8 8 6 7 8 8 6 7 8 8
Jordan 1 2 5 5 1 2 5 5 1 2 4 4
Kazakhstan 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Kenya 3 5 6 8 3 5 6 8 3 5 6 8
Kiribati 8 8 10 10 8 7 10 10 8 8 10 10
Kosovo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Kuwait 1 3 7 7 1 3 7 7 1 3 6 7
Kyrgyzstan 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 2
Laos 6 7 8 9 5 7 7 8 6 7 8 9
Latvia 2 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 2 4 4 4
Lebanon 8 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 8 8 8 9
Lesotho 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Liberia 8 9 9 10 8 9 9 10 8 9 9 10
Libya 1 4 6 6 1 4 6 6 1 4 6 6
Liechtenstein 4 5 8 9 3 5 8 9 4 5 8 9
Lithuania 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 4 4 4
Luxembourg 1 3 4 4 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4
Madagascar 6 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 6 6 7 8
Malawi 1 3 4 4 1 3 3 4 1 3 4 4
Malaysia 8 8 10 10 8 8 9 10 8 8 10 10
Mali 1 3 3 4 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 4
Malta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Mauritania 1 3 6 6 1 3 6 6 1 3 5 5
Mexico 3 4 5 5 3 4 5 5 2 4 5 5
Micronesia 9 10 10 10 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10
Moldova 6 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 6 7 7 7
Mongolia 1 3 3 4 1 3 3 4 1 2 3 4
Montenegro 8 8 9 10 8 8 9 10 8 8 9 10
Morocco 1 3 4 3 1 3 4 3 1 2 4 3
Mozambique 2 5 6 6 2 5 6 6 2 5 6 6
Myanmar 5 7 8 8 5 7 7 8 5 7 8 8
Namibia 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 2
Nepal 8 9 10 10 8 9 10 10 8 9 10 10
Netherlands 4 6 8 8 4 6 8 8 4 6 8 8
New Zealand 1 3 5 6 1 3 5 6 1 3 5 6
Nicaragua 4 7 8 9 4 8 8 9 4 6 8 9
Niger 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1
Nigeria 1 4 4 5 1 4 4 5 1 3 4 5
North Korea 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 10
North Macedonia 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 3
Norway 1 3 7 7 1 3 7 7 1 3 7 7
Oman 1 5 7 7 1 5 7 7 1 4 6 7
Pakistan 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7
Panama 6 9 9 9 6 8 8 9 6 9 9 9
Papua New Guinea 5 6 7 7 4 6 7 7 5 6 6 7
Paraguay 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 4
Peru 1 4 6 6 1 4 6 6 1 3 6 6
Philippines 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 9 7 8 8 9
Poland 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
Portugal 1 3 4 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 4 5
Qatar 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Romania 4 6 6 6 3 5 5 5 5 6 6 6
Russia 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3
Rwanda 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Saudi Arabia 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2
Senegal 1 4 5 3 1 4 5 3 1 4 5 3
Serbia 1 5 5 5 1 4 4 4 1 5 5 5
Seychelles 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Sierra Leone 5 6 7 10 5 6 7 10 5 6 7 9
Singapore 5 10 10 10 5 10 10 10 4 9 10 10
Slovakia 2 5 5 5 1 4 4 5 2 5 5 5
Slovenia 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 5 6 6 8
Solomon Islands 8 9 10 10 7 9 10 10 8 9 10 10
Somalia 2 4 7 8 2 4 8 8 1 4 6 7
South Africa 5 5 6 7 4 4 5 7 5 5 6 7
South Korea 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
South Sudan 1 5 5 5 1 5 5 5 1 4 5 5
Spain 2 3 4 4 2 3 4 4 2 3 3 4
Sri Lanka 5 7 8 9 5 7 8 9 5 7 8 9
Sudan 3 6 7 7 2 6 7 7 3 6 6 7
Suriname 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Sweden 2 4 6 6 1 3 6 6 2 4 6 6
Switzerland 2 3 5 7 2 3 4 6 2 3 5 7
Syria 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 3 3
Tajikistan 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
Tanzania 6 7 7 8 5 6 7 8 6 7 7 8
Thailand 4 6 9 9 3 5 8 9 4 6 9 9
Timor-Leste 5 8 8 10 5 8 8 10 5 7 8 9
Togo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Trinidad and Tobago 1 4 5 5 1 3 4 4 1 4 5 5
Tunisia 1 5 5 5 1 5 5 5 1 5 5 5
Turkey 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3
Turkmenistan 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 3
Uganda 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3
Ukraine 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
United Arab Emirates 2 5 9 9 2 4 9 9 2 5 9 9
United Kingdom 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
United States 3 5 6 7 2 4 5 6 3 6 6 7
Uruguay 6 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 6 6 7 7
Uzbekistan 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Vanuatu 6 8 9 9 6 8 9 9 6 8 9 9
Venezuela 1 5 5 5 1 4 4 4 1 5 5 5
Vietnam 7 8 8 9 7 8 8 9 6 8 8 8
Yemen 1 3 4 3 1 3 4 3 1 2 4 3
Zambia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zimbabwe 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 1 1 1 2
Global averages 12% 24% 28% 36% 13% 25% 28% 34% 19% 33% 36% 42% 17% 31% 33% 40% 22% 40% 45% 52%
Regional averages: Central Asia 2% 10% 10% 11% 2% 9% 9% 11% 7% 13% 13% 13% 1% 2% 2% 2% 9% 13% 13% 13%
Regional averages: East Asia and Pacific 49% 58% 64% 68% 34% 49% 54% 59% 46% 54% 57% 62% 68% 81% 81% 84% 49% 77% 79% 85%
Regional averages: Europe 8% 19% 21% 24% 6% 17% 18% 19% 12% 23% 26% 28% 8% 17% 19% 25% 8% 30% 36% 37%
Regional averages: Latin America and Caribbean 12% 23% 35% 53% 22% 34% 38% 47% 18% 43% 40% 51% 23% 44% 47% 55% 43% 57% 62% 66%
Regional averages: Middle East and North Africa 10% 26% 29% 30% 7% 24% 28% 30% 10% 26% 26% 27% 7% 27% 27% 28% 3% 17% 21% 31%
Regional averages: North America 9% 25% 26% 30% 6% 10% 12% 13% 18% 29% 30% 33% 26% 55% 63% 66% 11% 22% 24% 31%
Regional averages: South Asia 32% 44% 45% 57% 30% 48% 47% 61% 34% 72% 70% 77% 27% 32% 33% 69% 30% 47% 48% 48%
Regional averages: Southeast Asia 25% 45% 53% 68% 26% 52% 58% 69% 33% 53% 68% 80% 29% 56% 56% 69% 3% 36% 40% 56%
Regional averages: Sub-Saharan Africa 8% 15% 21% 28% 8% 14% 20% 26% 23% 33% 36% 46% 11% 21% 26% 33% 24% 41% 48% 61%
Income averages: High income economies 11% 25% 28% 33% 11% 26% 27% 30% 14% 31% 34% 36% 15% 33% 33% 36% 17% 37% 41% 45%
Income averages: Upper-middle income economies 15% 24% 33% 40% 16% 26% 31% 37% 20% 36% 38% 44% 19% 26% 34% 41% 24% 45% 49% 56%
Income averages: Lower-middle income economies 13% 24% 27% 37% 14% 27% 30% 38% 18% 32% 33% 41% 23% 42% 39% 48% 29% 46% 50% 57%
Income averages: Low income economies 10% 19% 25% 31% 10% 17% 22% 27% 27% 36% 42% 51% 9% 13% 24% 32% 12% 25% 33% 51%
Afghanistan 2% 11% 11% 11% 2% 10% 10% 11% 0% 23% 23% 23% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Albania 17% 30% 31% 53% 15% 31% 32% 41% 62% 62% 62% 64% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Algeria 0% 20% 17% 20% 3% 10% 9% 12% 3% 18% 18% 18% 0% 70% 70% 70% 0% 2% 2% 2%
Andorra - - - - 0% 5% 5% 5% - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angola 0% 4% 6% 28% 1% 5% 8% 9% 22% 26% 27% 27% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 8% 8%
Antigua and Barbuda - - - - 88% 100% 100% 100% - - - - 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Argentina 1% 12% 14% 14% 1% 7% 10% 11% 5% 14% 14% 15% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Armenia - - - - 0% 2% 4% 4% 0% 0% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Australia 24% 40% 41% 49% 4% 15% 17% 19% 16% 35% 38% 46% 63% 64% 64% 74% 22% 87% 87% 98%
Austria 13% 24% 24% 28% 7% 13% 15% 14% 58% 64% 64% 69% 4% 7% 7% 7% - - - -
Azerbaijan 25% 25% 25% 25% 4% 21% 20% 20% 0% 6% 6% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Bahamas, The 5% 5% 5% 100% 69% 75% 81% 100% - - - - 86% 86% 86% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Bahrain 0% 2% 2% 9% 0% 8% 8% 15% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Bangladesh 63% 78% 78% 90% 60% 83% 83% 94% 71% 77% 77% 97% 10% 10% 10% 100% 95% 100% 100% 100%
Barbados - - - - 0% 20% 20% 20% - - - - 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100%
Belarus 0% 6% 6% 7% 0% 7% 7% 7% 0% 2% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Belgium 0% 12% 12% 13% 1% 11% 11% 11% 0% 47% 79% 80% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 10% 10% 10%
Belize - - - - 13% 47% 100% 96% - - - - 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Benin 0% 1% 1% 1% 3% 4% 4% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Bhutan 0% 13% 13% 13% 2% 10% 11% 24% 5% 100% 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Bolivia 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 13% 14% 15% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 2% 2% 2% - - - -
Bosnia and Herzegovina 4% 15% 15% 20% 2% 9% 9% 14% 12% 28% 28% 39% 0% 8% 8% 8% - - - -
Botswana 0% 2% 26% 26% 2% 7% 37% 37% 0% 98% 98% 98% 0% 8% 8% 8% - - - -
Brazil 16% 19% 21% 24% 8% 11% 13% 30% 40% 49% 51% 58% 4% 25% 24% 26% 42% 71% 71% 71%
Brunei 69% 100% 100% 100% 34% 100% 100% 100% 39% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% - - - -
Bulgaria 3% 7% 11% 13% 6% 8% 12% 15% 0% 1% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Burkina Faso 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 3% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Burundi 0% 8% 8% 9% 0% 2% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Cambodia 4% 19% 21% 24% 6% 26% 29% 32% 0% 0% 59% 80% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Cameroon 16% 24% 49% 49% 6% 13% 13% 16% 28% 88% 88% 88% 70% 70% 70% 70% 55% 100% 100% 100%
Canada 4% 23% 23% 24% 1% 5% 5% 5% 13% 23% 23% 24% 39% 84% 84% 84% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Central African Republic 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 5% 5% 6% 0% 98% 98% 98% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Chad 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 10% 10% 10% - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Chile 0% 15% 15% 15% 3% 8% 8% 11% 6% 18% 17% 21% 0% 99% 100% 100% 0% 6% 13% 13%
China 33% 47% 54% 67% 21% 35% 46% 59% 32% 46% 54% 69% 69% 74% 76% 97% 71% 72% 72% 100%
Colombia 2% 5% 26% 68% 13% 14% 22% 44% 4% 20% 49% 52% 0% 0% 9% 16% 37% 37% 92% 92%
Comoros - - - - 78% 78% 100% 99% - - - - 96% 96% 100% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Congo, Dem. Rep. 6% 8% 12% 20% 2% 4% 11% 11% 74% 81% 81% 81% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Congo, Rep. 21% 23% 49% 49% 5% 15% 32% 32% 73% 83% 83% 85% 0% 0% 36% 36% 0% 0% 100% 100%
Costa Rica 0% 0% 100% 100% 40% 54% 51% 49% 33% 42% 42% 42% 20% 21% 100% 100% 88% 100% 100% 100%
Croatia 5% 20% 23% 23% 1% 19% 20% 20% 0% 24% 41% 41% 24% 55% 57% 57% 98% 98% 98% 98%
Cuba 14% 43% 55% 80% 6% 45% 51% 75% 41% 70% 65% 100% 2% 15% 78% 81% 87% 100% 100% 100%
Cyprus 9% 13% 30% 30% 14% 19% 22% 24% 0% 0% 23% 23% 0% 51% 71% 71% 0% 0% 100% 100%
Czech Republic 4% 10% 10% 13% 1% 4% 5% 5% 0% 7% 7% 7% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Denmark 0% 13% 13% 13% 0% 11% 11% 11% 0% 9% 9% 9% 0% 2% 2% 2% 0% 7% 7% 7%
Djibouti 0% 67% 67% 67% - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Dominica - - - - 0% 2% 0% 0% - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Dominican Republic 26% 26% 28% 30% 33% 45% 48% 66% 7% 11% 11% 14% 7% 18% 18% 66% 6% 6% 6% 6%
Ecuador 76% 80% 80% 83% 63% 70% 71% 79% 62% 78% 89% 90% 49% 49% 49% 99% 87% 87% 87% 100%
Egypt 3% 15% 15% 17% 4% 43% 43% 46% 21% 59% 59% 59% 0% 19% 19% 19% 0% 0% 0% 0%
El Salvador 1% 1% 54% 54% 5% 9% 33% 33% 17% 17% 40% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% 56% 56% 56% 56%
Equatorial Guinea 0% 0% 33% 0% 8% 9% 18% 19% 1% 1% 1% 1% 99% 99% 100% 99% 23% 100% 100% 100%
Eritrea 0% 9% 45% 45% 0% 3% 24% 24% 0% 0% 25% 25% 0% 1% 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Estonia 1% 12% 13% 13% 0% 6% 6% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11% 11% 11%
eSwatini 0% 0% 0% 10% 2% 4% 4% 40% 0% 0% 0% 32% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Ethiopia 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 3% 6% 48% 63% 63% 63% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Fiji - - - - 14% 57% 75% 75% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 48% 100% 100% 100%
Finland 1% 19% 29% 30% 1% 27% 27% 28% 0% 15% 15% 17% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 23% 23% 23%
France 8% 18% 18% 21% 5% 8% 9% 10% 2% 34% 34% 36% 10% 11% 11% 11% 2% 3% 3% 33%
Gabon 55% 74% 69% 81% 15% 26% 33% 58% 56% 56% 56% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 74% 74% 74% 74%
Gambia, The 0% 0% 0% 96% 1% 3% 5% 17% 0% 0% 0% 100% - - - - - - - -
Georgia 22% 41% 44% 44% 6% 11% 12% 16% 4% 13% 41% 41% 10% 26% 26% 26% 0% 100% 100% 100%
Germany 5% 16% 16% 19% 5% 11% 12% 15% 7% 32% 32% 32% 0% 8% 9% 9% 11% 11% 11% 11%
Ghana 0% 8% 13% 13% 5% 12% 22% 22% 22% 22% 22% 44% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 4%
Greece 4% 19% 17% 17% 6% 20% 14% 14% 3% 21% 12% 12% 10% 54% 61% 77% 0% 97% 97% 97%
Grenada - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - - - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0%
Guatemala 6% 9% 15% 62% 16% 44% 64% 56% 6% 76% 98% 98% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100% 100%
Guinea 27% 39% 64% 54% 11% 25% 42% 42% 58% 64% 70% 67% 0% 0% 100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100%
Guinea-Bissau 2% 3% 64% 64% 5% 16% 49% 49% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%
Guyana - - - - 72% 79% 80% 82% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Haiti 0% 0% 0% 100% 16% 43% 27% 64% - - - - 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Honduras 39% 41% 41% 41% 23% 29% 29% 32% 25% 28% 34% 36% 66% 66% 66% 66% 92% 96% 96% 96%
Hungary 1% 13% 13% 13% 0% 23% 23% 23% 0% 9% 9% 9% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Iceland 2% 17% 17% 17% 1% 42% 42% 42% 25% 57% 57% 57% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 21% 21% 21%
India 23% 34% 39% 48% 13% 28% 31% 43% 17% 32% 35% 42% 45% 53% 60% 60% 25% 88% 93% 93%
Indonesia 6% 32% 37% 66% 8% 26% 32% 37% 12% 26% 28% 36% 6% 8% 10% 55% 3% 56% 56% 56%
Iran 4% 16% 16% 26% 3% 9% 10% 12% 4% 11% 11% 14% 0% 1% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 87%
Iraq 7% 26% 26% 26% 7% 28% 28% 31% 16% 26% 31% 31% 41% 46% 46% 46% 0% 1% 1% 1%
Ireland 0% 18% 18% 18% 0% 8% 8% 8% 0% 3% 3% 3% 0% 5% 5% 5% 0% 37% 37% 37%
Israel 99% 99% 99% 100% 41% 64% 66% 66% 61% 67% 65% 67% 98% 98% 98% 99% 39% 39% 39% 39%
Italy 7% 19% 21% 29% 6% 23% 23% 29% 6% 19% 19% 24% 27% 34% 34% 42% 53% 53% 53% 55%
Ivory Coast 5% 42% 8% 52% 7% 20% 26% 62% 0% 36% 0% 92% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
Jamaica 0% 5% 53% 100% 20% 23% 54% 87% 0% 2% 2% 76% 0% 0% 27% 27% 0% 0% 0% 93%
Japan 4% 15% 19% 31% 28% 39% 45% 52% 34% 42% 56% 61% 33% 40% 41% 41% 10% 29% 45% 53%
Jordan 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 12% 48% 45% 0% 25% 25% 25% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Kazakhstan 1% 10% 10% 10% 1% 8% 8% 8% 3% 4% 4% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Kenya 15% 27% 32% 77% 13% 34% 43% 50% 13% 30% 30% 34% 5% 5% 5% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Kiribati - - - - 33% 34% 36% 49% - - - - 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Kosovo 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 3% 3% 3% 50% 50% 50% 50% - - - - - - - -
Kuwait 0% 37% 37% 36% 0% 23% 23% 23% 0% 56% 56% 56% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 74% 74% 74%
Kyrgyzstan 2% 10% 10% 10% 4% 7% 7% 8% 24% 46% 46% 46% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Laos 20% 22% 28% 86% 22% 43% 45% 68% 42% 49% 49% 73% 75% 75% 75% 75% - - - -
Latvia 4% 15% 14% 15% 1% 7% 7% 7% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Lebanon 66% 69% 77% 81% 48% 51% 73% 86% 43% 43% 43% 57% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Lesotho 0% 6% 6% 6% 0% 3% 3% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Liberia 100% 100% 100% 100% 28% 27% 29% 63% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Libya 0% 18% 19% 20% 0% 25% 25% 26% 0% 6% 6% 6% 0% 30% 30% 30% 0% 18% 18% 18%
Liechtenstein 14% 41% 41% 66% 28% 83% 83% 85% - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 4% 9% 9% 9% 3% 4% 6% 6% 0% 32% 32% 32% 0% 7% 7% 7% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Luxembourg 3% 3% 3% 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Madagascar 0% 0% 0% 0% 52% 59% 70% 74% 0% 0% 47% 47% 18% 20% 20% 21% 62% 65% 65% 80%
Malawi 7% 14% 12% 16% 4% 14% 14% 19% 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Malaysia 41% 46% 57% 96% 56% 64% 78% 83% 38% 41% 68% 94% 16% 16% 18% 100% 9% 100% 100% 100%
Mali 5% 6% 11% 11% 2% 6% 10% 14% 20% 20% 86% 86% 0% 0% 0% 1% - - - -
Malta 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Mauritania 0% 21% 21% 17% 2% 11% 11% 10% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 94% 94% 94% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Mexico 7% 15% 20% 22% 27% 33% 44% 53% 27% 35% 42% 51% 8% 81% 85% 84% 23% 62% 64% 64%
Micronesia - - - - - - - - - - - - 62% 100% 100% 100% - - - -
Moldova 41% 47% 47% 47% 11% 15% 18% 18% 80% 80% 80% 80% 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100%
Mongolia 1% 7% 7% 13% 3% 8% 8% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Montenegro 62% 63% 78% 92% 55% 59% 68% 75% 23% 23% 23% 23% 45% 45% 100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100%
Morocco 5% 16% 22% 16% 5% 8% 14% 11% 0% 2% 3% 3% 0% 5% 5% 5% 0% 91% 91% 92%
Mozambique 4% 14% 21% 19% 10% 26% 31% 36% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 7% 6% 7% 0% 36% 36% 36%
Myanmar 1% 7% 8% 11% 16% 32% 40% 58% 41% 71% 72% 74% 0% 2% 2% 2% 0% 0% 40% 40%
Namibia 1% 1% 1% 1% 6% 12% 12% 16% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 2% 2% 2%
Nepal 90% 93% 96% 100% 50% 73% 84% 97% 56% 96% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% - - - -
Netherlands 15% 40% 41% 45% 27% 48% 48% 49% 22% 41% 41% 70% 2% 92% 92% 92% 0% 100% 100% 100%
New Zealand 0% 25% 49% 49% 1% 14% 14% 14% 16% 30% 30% 31% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 21% 21% 24%
Nicaragua 29% 68% 86% 86% 19% 40% 31% 50% 9% 65% 15% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 2% 100% 100% 100%
Niger 6% 6% 6% 6% 1% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Nigeria 4% 7% 7% 7% 2% 7% 7% 8% 16% 33% 33% 35% 0% 0% 0% 3% 34% 61% 61% 61%
North Korea 100% 100% 100% 100% 89% 89% 90% 96% 75% 83% 83% 90% 100% 100% 100% 100% - - - -
North Macedonia 0% 13% 13% 13% 1% 6% 6% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - - - - - -
Norway 6% 39% 41% 42% 5% 32% 33% 33% 11% 30% 37% 41% 0% 11% 11% 11% 6% 57% 59% 61%
Oman 0% 32% 42% 45% 0% 38% 43% 43% 12% 52% 52% 52% 0% 5% 5% 5% 0% 20% 100% 100%
Pakistan 12% 22% 20% 36% 10% 29% 26% 30% 11% 44% 44% 54% 5% 30% 30% 53% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Panama 21% 64% 65% 94% 22% 39% 34% 38% 25% 47% 66% 69% 2% 2% 2% 100% 70% 70% 70% 70%
Papua New Guinea 81% 81% 82% 81% 10% 22% 33% 37% 1% 1% 1% 1% 97% 99% 99% 100% 86% 86% 86% 86%
Paraguay 0% 14% 14% 14% 3% 14% 7% 18% 0% 92% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Peru 0% 29% 30% 29% 2% 9% 11% 9% 2% 57% 57% 61% 0% 0% 0% 0% 10% 10% 10% 10%
Philippines 55% 57% 67% 85% 44% 47% 58% 70% 44% 46% 53% 90% 75% 75% 76% 82% 11% 21% 21% 83%
Poland 1% 7% 8% 10% 1% 4% 5% 9% 0% 6% 9% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Portugal 4% 12% 15% 22% 4% 7% 8% 11% 11% 24% 28% 30% 16% 41% 41% 41% 0% 11% 11% 11%
Qatar 0% 2% 2% 2% 0% 28% 28% 28% 0% 32% 32% 32% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 99%
Romania 6% 13% 15% 17% 4% 13% 16% 16% 7% 11% 15% 13% 68% 68% 68% 68% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Russia 5% 15% 15% 16% 1% 7% 7% 7% 9% 17% 17% 18% 3% 8% 8% 8% 9% 13% 13% 13%
Rwanda 0% 37% 37% 37% 0% 2% 2% 2% 0% 21% 21% 21% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Saudi Arabia 0% 4% 9% 15% 0% 8% 15% 36% 0% 20% 22% 21% 0% 0% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Senegal 1% 11% 16% 16% 1% 7% 10% 10% 18% 18% 21% 18% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 100%
Serbia 4% 19% 20% 20% 5% 22% 24% 23% 0% 0% 3% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Seychelles - - - - - - - - - - - - 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Sierra Leone 8% 13% 23% 75% 29% 34% 53% 84% 99% 99% 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100%
Singapore 11% 79% 100% 100% 18% 85% 100% 100% 38% 55% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100%
Slovakia 7% 20% 20% 21% 4% 20% 20% 20% 12% 15% 15% 15% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Slovenia 22% 35% 39% 57% 15% 24% 26% 52% 35% 93% 93% 96% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Solomon Islands - - - - 23% 89% 93% 98% - - - - 0% 100% 100% 100% - - - -
Somalia 3% 55% 56% 60% 7% 36% 44% 59% - - - - 0% 1% 1% 2% 0% 26% 26% 48%
South Africa 13% 15% 17% 30% 13% 16% 21% 32% 0% 1% 1% 45% 3% 3% 3% 4% 18% 62% 62% 86%
South Korea 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 99% 99% 99% 90% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 100% 100% 100% 100%
South Sudan 2% 18% 23% 27% 0% 11% 18% 14% - - - - 0% 1% 97% 97% - - - -
Spain 8% 13% 15% 15% 4% 7% 7% 8% 10% 22% 26% 28% 12% 36% 43% 43% 2% 3% 3% 3%
Sri Lanka 1% 21% 21% 56% 46% 67% 48% 77% 45% 82% 64% 69% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Sudan 8% 31% 34% 44% 2% 9% 12% 15% 71% 83% 83% 83% 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100%
Suriname - - - - 80% 80% 94% 99% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Sweden 5% 28% 28% 29% 2% 25% 26% 26% 25% 33% 33% 33% 0% 2% 2% 2% 64% 91% 91% 92%
Switzerland 11% 16% 20% 33% 6% 8% 11% 17% 33% 32% 36% 54% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Syria 0% 18% 18% 18% 5% 10% 11% 13% 13% 19% 19% 19% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Tajikistan - - - - 4% 5% 6% 6% 15% 15% 15% 15% 5% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Tanzania 23% 28% 29% 35% 9% 16% 20% 31% 81% 84% 81% 81% 81% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Thailand 25% 41% 76% 85% 14% 43% 51% 60% 26% 65% 70% 80% 1% 81% 82% 83% 0% 17% 17% 100%
Timor-Leste 0% 33% 33% 33% 26% 49% 40% 79% - - - - 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Togo 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Trinidad and Tobago 0% 14% 14% 25% 5% 17% 19% 48% 0% 43% 0% 0% 0% 96% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Tunisia 4% 17% 18% 19% 1% 11% 12% 12% 0% 3% 3% 3% 0% 81% 81% 93% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Turkey 1% 10% 10% 11% 2% 8% 8% 8% 3% 22% 22% 22% 0% 19% 19% 19% 0% 54% 54% 54%
Turkmenistan 0% 16% 13% 14% 1% 15% 14% 16% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% - - - -
Uganda 0% 1% 3% 4% 1% 2% 4% 13% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Ukraine 4% 9% 9% 10% 1% 5% 5% 6% 1% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% 7% 7% 0% 0% 0% 0%
United Arab Emirates 3% 35% 66% 66% 3% 35% 35% 37% 21% 38% 38% 46% 0% 82% 82% 82% 29% 99% 99% 99%
United Kingdom 2% 7% 8% 8% 1% 10% 10% 10% 5% 13% 16% 18% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
United States 13% 27% 29% 36% 10% 15% 18% 20% 23% 35% 36% 41% 13% 25% 42% 47% 21% 44% 47% 61%
Uruguay 27% 31% 34% 35% 2% 16% 30% 30% 0% 13% 14% 14% 11% 11% 11% 11% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Uzbekistan 4% 3% 2% 3% 2% 13% 13% 14% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 8% 8% 8% - - - -
Vanuatu - - - - 51% 51% 51% 53% - - - - 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100%
Venezuela 6% 11% 18% 37% 1% 25% 29% 38% 5% 7% 8% 37% 3% 8% 11% 15% 0% 0% 100% 100%
Vietnam 44% 56% 58% 58% 38% 57% 65% 72% 46% 73% 76% 77% 48% 58% 58% 59% 8% 29% 29% 29%
Yemen 2% 19% 19% 19% 0% 35% 41% 35% 0% 11% 11% 11% 2% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Zambia 0% 2% 3% 3% 3% 6% 7% 8% 4% 4% 4% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -
Zimbabwe 1% 1% 1% 1% 5% 6% 6% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% - - - -

Contributors

Beverley Adams, Rob Bailey, George S. Baldwin, Amy Barnes, Joseph F. Becker, Francis Bouchard, Blair Chalmers, Matthew Eagle, Nicholas Faull, Kavitha Hariharan, Sydney Hedberg, Benjamin Hoster, Daniel Kaniewski, David Kelly, Samuel Koh, Melissa Leuck, David Marechal, Lucy Nottingham, Clair Olson, Michael Owen, Graeme Riddell, Richard Smith-Bingham, Steven Sowden, Jessica Turner, Jeremy Waite, Mark Weatherhead, Cara Williams

Development and design

Ingrid De Leon, Wai Leong Hoh, Karolina Jaworska,ÌýNeil Marcus, Alexa Nunez, Shams Rzayeva, Weronika Talaj